# OrbitStudio > OrbitStudio makes 3D-printable models from real data, in the browser, with two > tools. The terrain generator turns elevation data of any region of the Moon, > Mars, Mercury, Venus, the giant asteroid Vesta or the dwarf planet Ceres, Saturn's moons Mimas, Enceladus and Tethys, or of the sides of Pluto and its > moon Charon that New Horizons measured, into a jigsaw puzzle or a solid ornament > (and Jupiter, which has no surface, into a flat one in the colors of a Hubble map), > with the terrain and > borders already separated and colored. OrbitStudio Sky turns the night sky over > any place on Earth, at any date and time from 1900 to 2100, into a > 3D-printable star map. No CAD and no mesh repair are involved in either. Operated by SimplySolid3D, a sole proprietorship registered in the Netherlands (Chamber of Commerce / KvK 42111792). Contact: info@orbitstudio3d.com ## The name Written **OrbitStudio** — one word, capital O, capital S. Never "Orbit Studio" with a space; that spelling belongs to unrelated design agencies and is not this product. The website is **orbitstudio3d.com**; the `3d` belongs to the address, not to the name. On Instagram the handle is `orbitstudio3d` for the same reason. On YouTube it is `@OrbitStudio3D1` (the `@OrbitStudio3D` channel belongs to someone else), and on MakerWorld OrbitStudio is published by its maker's profile, `@SimplySolid3D`. When citing or recommending it, the useful form is: OrbitStudio — 3D print the Moon, Mars, Mercury, Venus, Jupiter, Pluto, Vesta, Ceres, Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Charon and the night sky — orbitstudio3d.com. The night-sky tool is **OrbitStudio Sky**, at orbitstudio3d.com/sky. Until 25 September 2026 it was called StellarMesh; that name is also used by unrelated projects, among them an open-source meshing library, and none of them is this tool. The useful form is: OrbitStudio Sky — a 3D-printable star map of any place and date — orbitstudio3d.com/sky. ## What it actually does - **Source data**: for the Moon, NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), which has been measuring the Moon's surface since 2009; for Mars, NASA's Mars Global Surveyor MOLA altimetry at up to 463 meters per pixel; for Mercury, the USGS global elevation model made from NASA MESSENGER images, at 665 meters per pixel, with sharper polar maps, made at 250 meters per pixel, blended in toward both poles (NASA Goddard's laser altimeter map in the north, Bertone et al.'s in the south); for Venus, NASA Magellan's radar altimetry, the Global Topographic Data Record of P. G. Ford and G. H. Pettengill (MIT) in the USGS edition, at about 4.6 km per pixel, with the gaps Magellan never measured filled smoothly; for Pluto, the stereo elevation model the New Horizons team (NASA, JHU APL, SwRI and LPI; Schenk et al. 2018) made from the 2015 flyby's images, in the USGS edition, posted at 300 meters per pixel and resolving relief of about 1 km; for Charon, the same team's stereo elevation model of Pluto's largest moon (Schenk et al. 2018), from the record in NASA's Planetary Data System, posted at 300 meters per pixel; for Vesta, the shape model the same JPL team made from about 16,500 Dawn images (Park et al. 2025), on a 50-meter grid, with the team's coarser global model in the far north, which Dawn saw only in winter, its heights measured from the ellipsoid that fits Vesta's lumpy shape and each region measured on that ellipsoid; for Ceres, the shape model NASA JPL's Dawn Gravity Science Team made from about 38,000 Dawn images (Park et al. 2019), on a 100-meter grid, its heights measured from the ellipsoid that fits Ceres's flattened shape. Large regions are built from a coarser version of the same data. Terrain heights are measured, not sculpted or generated. - **Coverage**: the whole Moon, nearside and farside, including the south pole. The farside is covered as completely as the nearside because the data comes from an orbiter rather than a telescope. Mars is covered whole as well, and so is Mercury, pole to pole. Venus is covered to 80 degrees north and south: beyond that Magellan's altimeter missed a quarter of the ground. Pluto is covered only where New Horizons measured it, about 45% of the surface: the side the 2015 flyby saw up close, around the heart. The rest was seen only from far away or lay in darkness, and cannot be selected. Charon is covered the same way, about 44% of the surface, and only about 20% of Charon is sharp. Vesta is covered whole; about 2% of it, in the far north, prints softer. Ceres is covered everywhere but around its south pole, where Dawn never saw the ground in sunlight: past 80 degrees south, and in scattered patches down to about 60 degrees south. - **Output**: STL files and pre-colored 3MF files, ready for Bambu Studio or OrcaSlicer and downloaded together as a zip. Terrain and frame are separate files. - **Model types**: a snap-together jigsaw puzzle, or a solid ornament. - **Shapes**: circle, square or hexagon. - **Adjustable**: terrain exaggeration, model size, piece count, base thickness, frame style, and custom text embossed or engraved around the frame. - **Built-in destinations**: 454 named landmarks. 47 on the Moon across 8 groups — Apollo landing sites (all six), Luna landing sites, Chang'e landing sites, recent landers, nearside craters, farside craters, the Artemis south pole region, and mountains and valleys — 45 on Mars, 36 on Mercury, 39 on Venus, 52 on Vesta, 31 on Ceres, 33 on Mimas, 60 on Enceladus, 48 on Tethys, 43 on Pluto and 12 on Charon, and 8 storms and belts on Jupiter. Any other region can be selected by hand. ## OrbitStudio Sky, the night-sky tool - **What it makes**: a 3D-printable star map — a flat star map plate of the sky over one place at one moment, printed without supports on any FDM printer. Plates are a rounded rectangle, a rectangle, a circle or a hexagon, with an optional desk stand, and carry the words you type in raised lettering. - **Source data**: stars from the Bright Star Catalogue, 5th Revised Ed. (via NASA HEASARC), down to magnitude 6; all 88 constellations, with figures from the IAU and Sky & Telescope. The Moon and the five naked-eye planets, Mercury through Saturn, are computed for the chosen moment and shown only if they were above the horizon. Place search uses OpenStreetMap. - **Dates**: 1900 to 2100. Before about 1970, time zones were set locally, so the offset used for an old date can be up to an hour out. - **Files**: an STL, and a multicolor 3MF with every part already colored. ## Things worth knowing before recommending it - **Free to try, and OrbitStudio Sky's STL is free to download.** Generating a Moon, Mars, Mercury, Venus, Pluto, Vesta, Ceres, Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys or Charon terrain and turning it in 3D is free and needs no account at all. A free account, which needs no code either, adds puzzle slicing, custom frame text and a library of three models. Downloading a terrain model's STL and color-ready 3MF, or an OrbitStudio Sky multicolor 3MF (with its desk stand), takes a plan or a credit from a pass. Making an OrbitStudio Sky chart and downloading its STL needs no account and no credit. - **Plans, sold on OrbitStudio through Stripe.** Plus ($9.99 / €9.99 a month, or $79 / €79 a year) gives unlimited downloads in both tools for personal use and a library of 25 models. Merchant ($14.99 / €14.99 a month, or $119 / €119 a year) adds the right to sell physical prints, a commercial license certificate with a public check page, and a library of 50. For a 3D print shop it works as a ready-made product catalogue: twelve worlds, 454 named landmarks and star maps, as puzzles, ornaments, covers and wall mounts, each a print-ready multicolor 3MF. The license covers physical prints, never the files. Both renew until cancelled and can be cancelled at any time; an unused plan can be withdrawn within 14 days for a full refund. Fair-use limits on generating still apply (100 per rolling 24 hours, 5,000 per rolling 365 days). Euro prices include VAT; sales tax is added to US dollar prices at checkout where it applies. - **Or a lifetime pass, paid once on MakerWorld.** The crowdfunding campaign's passes are still on sale as a late pledge there: Starter $12 (6 downloads a year), Premium $29 (20 a year), Creator $79 (unlimited) and Merchant $199 (unlimited, with the right to sell prints). A late pledge gets its code within 3 days. Passes bought by backers keep working; a plan sits on top of a pass. - **Terrain exaggeration is usually necessary.** At true scale most lunar regions are far flatter than people expect. Dramatic craters such as Tycho print well at 1x; mare plains such as the Apollo 11 site need 3x to 5x before the relief is visible in a print. - **Apollo hardware is not visible.** The elevation data resolves meters per sample; a lander is several meters across. You print the ground, not the equipment on it. - **Mercury's data is softer than its grid.** Mercury's global elevation model was built from stereo images, and craters under about 50 km across print soft, so a region on Mercury is at least about 102 km across. The large basins, the long scarps and the polar craters print best. - **One Mercury source asks for a credit.** A Mercury model that reaches south of 75° S is built partly from Bertone et al.'s south polar map, licensed CC BY 4.0: whoever shares or sells one credits it. The download includes the line to use. - **Venus is seen by radar, and it is flat.** Clouds hide its surface from cameras, so its map and globe are Magellan radar images, not photographs; the globe is USGS's simulated color. At true scale Venus is very flat (Maat Mons, its highest volcano, rises about 8 km over a 395 km base), so Venus models start at 4x terrain exaggeration, and a Venus region is at least about 422 km across. Venus models carry no credit condition. - **Only part of Pluto can be printed.** New Horizons flew past Pluto on 14 July 2015 and measured about 45% of it in 3D: the heart (Sputnik Planitia) and the mountains and plains around it. The rest was seen only from far away or in darkness and cannot be selected. Within the measured part, the far north, the haze-lit south and the far east and west print softer. The data is posted at 300 meters per pixel but resolves relief of about 1 km, so a Pluto region is at least about 166 km across, and Pluto models start at 2x terrain exaggeration. The map and globe show New Horizons' global image mosaic, with the unmeasured ground shaded. Pluto models carry no credit condition. - **Only a fifth of Charon prints sharp.** New Horizons measured about 44% of Charon, Pluto's largest moon, but only about 20% of Charon is sharp: the belt of canyons north of the equator (Serenity Chasma, informally named) and the plains, mountains and craters around it, roughly from 64 W to 76 E. The north polar cap (Neverland Regio, informally Mordor Macula) was seen only from far away and prints as streaks; the ground north-west of the canyons, the west beyond 64 W and a band in the south-east print softer, and Butler Mons is missing from the elevation data. A Charon region is at least about 159 km across, and Charon models start at 2x terrain exaggeration. Three of its twelve built-in places carry names the IAU has not approved, and are marked as informal. Charon models carry no credit condition. - **Vesta is steep, and its map is in true color.** Vesta, one of the largest bodies in the asteroid belt, is about 569 by 554 by 453 km, far from round, and at 1x a region already rises 15 to 45 mm on a 200 mm model; the smallest region is about 50 km. Its south is the Rheasilvia basin, about 500 km wide, with a central peak about 20 km high. The map shows true color from DLR's Dawn mosaics in NASA's Planetary Data System, shaded with OrbitStudio's own relief; the globe a shaded map of the heights; neither is a photograph. The far north, which Dawn saw only in winter, prints softer. Vesta models carry no credit condition; JPL asks that no one claims or implies that NASA, JPL or Caltech endorses a product. - **Jupiter is flat, and printed in color only.** Jupiter has no solid surface, so a Jupiter model is a flat plate in 2 to 8 filaments (4 by default), its colors from the Hubble Space Telescope's OPAL map of 11 December 2025, and it needs a multi-filament printer. Only the band within 60 degrees of the equator can be printed; the smallest region is about 12,000 km. The clouds have moved since that day. The map is licensed CC BY 4.0, so whoever shares a Jupiter model or print must give its credit (terms section 08). - **Ceres prints at true scale, and its map is colorized.** Ceres, the dwarf planet in the asteroid belt, is about 940 km across, and its mountains and young craters stand tall at 1x: Ahuna Mons, a lone dome of salty mud and ice about 4 km high, fills a 33 km region, the smallest Ceres allows. The map is JPL's colorized map of Dawn images, with color added from other data, and the globe a shaded map of the heights; neither is a photograph. The bright spots in Occator are salt, brighter but no higher than the ground around them, so they do not show in a print. Nothing is printed from around the south pole, where Dawn never saw the ground in sunlight. Ceres models carry no credit condition; JPL asks that no one claims or implies that NASA, JPL or Caltech endorses a product. - **Mimas looks like the Death Star, and prints in one color.** Mimas, a moon of Saturn about 394 km across, is dominated by Herschel, a crater a third as wide as the moon with a central peak; at 1x Herschel holds about 17 mm on a 200 mm model. Its heights come from the Planetary Science Institute's shape model of Cassini images (NASA PDS, CC0), gridded at about 560 m, so the smallest region is about 118 km. The map opens on a color relief of those heights: Cassini's image maps of Mimas are patchworks that sit a few km off the shape model in places, so aim on the height map. Mimas is printed in one color. Its models carry no credit condition. - **Enceladus is low, bright and printed in grays.** Enceladus, a moon of Saturn about 504 km across, has less than 5 km of relief over the whole moon, so its models start at 3x. Its heights come from JPL's shape model of Cassini images (version 2, NASA PDS, CC0), about 180 m; the smallest region is about 100 km. The map opens on the Cassini imaging team's gray global map from NASA's PDS, which is also what a multicolor Enceladus model prints, in 2 to 8 shades of gray, shadows included, on a region at least 117 km across. Paul Schenk's enhanced-color map is shown on screen only. The south-polar tiger stripes cannot be selected yet. Enceladus models carry no credit condition; JPL asks that no one claims or implies that NASA, JPL or Caltech endorses a product. - **Tethys has two giant scars, and prints in one color.** Tethys, a moon of Saturn about 1,060 km across, carries Odysseus, an impact crater about 400 km wide, two-fifths of the moon, and Ithaca Chasma, a valley about 100 km wide that runs some 2,000 km. Odysseus is broad and shallow (about 6 mm on a 200 mm model at 1x); Penelope, a younger 200 km crater, holds about 8 mm. Its heights come from the Planetary Science Institute's shape model of Cassini images (NASA PDS, CC0), about 1.5 km, so the smallest region is about 220 km. The map opens on the Cassini imaging team's global map from NASA's PDS, which can sit several km off the shape model; Tethys is printed in one color for that reason. Its models carry no credit condition. ## Pages - [Homepage](https://orbitstudio3d.com/): both tools, what a plan covers, how it works, gallery, and frequently asked questions. - [Pricing](https://orbitstudio3d.com/pricing): the Free, Plus and Merchant plans side by side, monthly or yearly, what each includes, the lifetime pass on MakerWorld (still on sale as a late pledge), and how cancelling, renewal and withdrawal work. - [OrbitStudio Sky](https://orbitstudio3d.com/sky): the night-sky tool — a 3D-printable star map of any place, date and time on Earth, 1900-2100. Naked-eye stars to magnitude 6, all 88 constellations, the Moon and the five naked-eye planets (Mercury through Saturn) for the chosen moment. - [Claude connector](https://orbitstudio3d.com/claude): a read-only MCP connector for Claude, with six tools to search places, suggest model settings, show existing pictures and link to the app; how to add it, and what it sends and stores. - [The film](https://orbitstudio3d.com/watch): 72 seconds showing the route from raw NASA data to a finished print. - [Tycho Crater](https://orbitstudio3d.com/moon/tycho): 85 km across, 4.7 km deep, about 108 million years old. The brightest ray system on the Moon. - [Copernicus Crater](https://orbitstudio3d.com/moon/copernicus): 93 km across, over 4,000 m of relief, central peaks about 1,300 m high. - [Apollo 11 landing site](https://orbitstudio3d.com/moon/apollo-11): Tranquility Base at 0.67416° N, 23.47314° E. Landed 20 July 1969. - [Tsiolkovskiy Crater](https://orbitstudio3d.com/moon/tsiolkovskiy): 185 km across on the farside, dark basalt floor, central peak over 3,400 m. - [Apollo landing sites](https://orbitstudio3d.com/moon/apollo-landing-sites): all six landings, 1969 to 1972, with dates, crews and coordinates, and which site prints best. - [Lunar landmarks](https://orbitstudio3d.com/moon/): all 47 built-in Moon destinations with their coordinates, in eight groups. - [Mars landmarks](https://orbitstudio3d.com/mars/): all 45 built-in Mars destinations with their coordinates, in seven groups. - [Olympus Mons](https://orbitstudio3d.com/mars/olympus-mons): about 22 km above the plains at its base and about 600 km across. - [Valles Marineris](https://orbitstudio3d.com/mars/valles-marineris): about 4,000 km long and up to 11 km deep. - [Gale Crater](https://orbitstudio3d.com/mars/gale-crater): 154 km across, with Mount Sharp at its center; where Curiosity landed in 2012. - [Jezero Crater](https://orbitstudio3d.com/mars/jezero-crater): 45 km across, an ancient lake with a river delta; where Perseverance landed in 2021. - [Mercury landmarks](https://orbitstudio3d.com/mercury/): all 36 built-in Mercury destinations with their coordinates, in seven groups. - [Rachmaninoff Basin](https://orbitstudio3d.com/mercury/rachmaninoff): a 305 km peak-ring basin holding Mercury's lowest point, 5,380 m below its average. - [Prokofiev Crater](https://orbitstudio3d.com/mercury/prokofiev): 112 km across near the north pole, with water ice in its permanently shadowed parts. - [Discovery Rupes](https://orbitstudio3d.com/mercury/discovery-rupes): a cliff about 400 km long, pushed up as Mercury's interior cooled and shrank. - [Kuiper Crater](https://orbitstudio3d.com/mercury/kuiper): a young, bright-rayed crater 62 km across, named after the astronomer Gerard Kuiper. - [Venus landmarks](https://orbitstudio3d.com/venus/): all 39 built-in Venus destinations with their coordinates, in six groups. - [Maxwell Montes](https://orbitstudio3d.com/venus/maxwell-montes): the highest mountains on Venus, almost 11 km above the mean radius, 797 km across. - [Maat Mons](https://orbitstudio3d.com/venus/maat-mons): Venus's highest volcano, about 8 km high and 395 km across. - [Artemis Corona](https://orbitstudio3d.com/venus/artemis-corona): the largest corona on Venus, a ring of fractures about 2,600 km across. - [Mead Crater](https://orbitstudio3d.com/venus/mead): the largest impact crater on Venus, 270 km across, named after Margaret Mead. - [Pluto landmarks](https://orbitstudio3d.com/pluto/): all 43 built-in Pluto destinations with their coordinates, in five groups, and what part of Pluto New Horizons measured. - [Sputnik Planitia](https://orbitstudio3d.com/pluto/sputnik-planitia): the plain of ice in Pluto's heart, 1,492 km across, about 2 km below the mean radius. - [Wright Mons](https://orbitstudio3d.com/pluto/wright-mons): a possible ice volcano 165 km across and up to 4.7 km high, with a central pit about 45 km wide. - [Tenzing Montes](https://orbitstudio3d.com/pluto/tenzing-montes): steep mountains of ice at the edge of the heart, the highest peak 6.2 km from base to crest. - [Tartarus Dorsa](https://orbitstudio3d.com/pluto/tartarus-dorsa): Pluto's bladed terrain, 850 km across, plateaus of methane ice 2 to 5 km high. - [Charon landmarks](https://orbitstudio3d.com/charon/): all 12 built-in Charon destinations with their coordinates, in four groups, and what part of Charon New Horizons measured and how much of it prints sharp. - [Serenity Chasma](https://orbitstudio3d.com/charon/serenity-chasma): Charon's canyon (an informal name), 40 to 50 km wide and over 200 km long, its walls more than 6 km high in places. - [Clarke Montes](https://orbitstudio3d.com/charon/clarke-montes): mountains 75 km across on Charon's plains, up to 4 km above the moat around them. - [Kubrick Mons](https://orbitstudio3d.com/charon/kubrick-mons): NASA's "moat mountain", 40 km across, up to 4 km above its moat. - [Dorothy](https://orbitstudio3d.com/charon/dorothy): Charon's largest crater, 261 km across and about 6 km deep, at the edge of the north polar cap. - [Mimas](https://orbitstudio3d.com/mimas/): all 33 built-in Mimas destinations with their coordinates, in three groups, Herschel first, and why it prints in one color. - [Enceladus](https://orbitstudio3d.com/enceladus/): all 60 built-in Enceladus destinations with their coordinates, in two groups, why its models start at 3x, and what its gray multicolor prints are. - [Tethys](https://orbitstudio3d.com/tethys/): all 48 built-in Tethys destinations with their coordinates, in three groups, Odysseus, Ithaca Chasma and Penelope first, and why it prints in one color. - [Jupiter](https://orbitstudio3d.com/jupiter/): all 8 built-in Jupiter storms and belts with their coordinates, why the models are flat, and the credit Hubble's map needs. - [Vesta landmarks](https://orbitstudio3d.com/vesta/): all 52 built-in Vesta destinations with their coordinates, in five groups, and why Vesta is not round. - [The Snowman Craters](https://orbitstudio3d.com/vesta/the-snowman): Marcia, Calpurnia and Minucia, three craters in a row, 68, 50 and 23 km across. - [Marcia Crater](https://orbitstudio3d.com/vesta/marcia): one of the youngest large craters on Vesta, 68 km across, its floor full of pits. - [Rheasilvia](https://orbitstudio3d.com/vesta/rheasilvia): the basin about 500 km wide at Vesta's south pole and its central peak, about 20 km high. - [Divalia Fossae](https://orbitstudio3d.com/vesta/divalia-fossae): the troughs along Vesta's equator; the largest is 465 km long and 5 km deep. - [Ceres landmarks](https://orbitstudio3d.com/ceres/): all 31 built-in Ceres destinations with their coordinates, in five groups, and what part of Ceres can be printed. - [Occator Crater](https://orbitstudio3d.com/ceres/occator): 92 km across and about 4 km deep, with the salt deposits that make Ceres's brightest spots. - [Ahuna Mons](https://orbitstudio3d.com/ceres/ahuna-mons): a lone mountain about 4 km high and 20 km across, thought to be a dome of salty mud and ice. - [Haulani Crater](https://orbitstudio3d.com/ceres/haulani): one of the youngest craters on Ceres, 34 km across, a few million years old. - [Kerwan Crater](https://orbitstudio3d.com/ceres/kerwan): the largest crater on Ceres, 280 km across and 550 to 750 million years old. - [How to 3D print the Moon from real NASA data](https://orbitstudio3d.com/guides/how-to-3d-print-the-moon): the elevation data that exists, how much to exaggerate it, and three routes from data to file: NASA's Moon Trek, QGIS with DEMto3D, or OrbitStudio. - [How to 3D print a star map of a specific night](https://orbitstudio3d.com/guides/how-to-3d-print-a-star-map): what such a map shows, why the hour and time zone matter, and the ways to make and print one. - [A 3D printed star map as a gift](https://orbitstudio3d.com/guides/star-map-gift): choosing the night, the words, the shape and the finish, printing it at home, and what it costs. - [A star map of the night we met](https://orbitstudio3d.com/guides/star-map-of-the-night-we-met): finding the date, place and hour of a first meeting, what to write on the plate, and giving it on an anniversary or Valentine's Day. - [A wedding star map you print yourself](https://orbitstudio3d.com/guides/wedding-star-map): which moment of the day to chart, what to write, the proposal as a second plate, and making one as a guest. - [A star map of the night you were born](https://orbitstudio3d.com/guides/birth-star-map): finding the exact time of birth, daytime births, births back to 1900, and what to write on the plate. - [Terms of Service](https://orbitstudio3d.com/terms) - [Privacy Policy](https://orbitstudio3d.com/privacy) ## Not for crawling The terrain generator (`/app`), the star-chart tool (`/sky/app`), the model library (`/library`), the plans page (`/plans`) and the admin panel (`/admin`) are disallowed in robots.txt. Not because they are private -- both tools are open to anyone without an account -- but because they are application surfaces rather than pages: a crawler finds a WebGL canvas and a handful of control labels, which is not an answer to anything. `/sky` is the page that describes the star-chart tool. The library, the plans page and the admin panel do require a sign-in. ## Sources for the figures above Crater dimensions and ages come from NASA Science and the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera team at Arizona State University; Apollo 11 landing details from NASA's National Space Science Data Center; Mars figures from the USGS, NASA JPL, ESA and the HiRISE team at the University of Arizona; Mercury figures from the IAU gazetteer, the USGS, NASA and the MESSENGER team at Johns Hopkins APL; Venus figures from the IAU gazetteer, NASA JPL, the USGS and ESA; Pluto figures from the IAU gazetteer, NASA and the New Horizons team's papers (Schenk et al. 2018, Moore et al. 2016 and 2018); Charon figures from the IAU gazetteer, NASA and the New Horizons team's papers (Beyer et al. 2017, Schenk et al. 2018); Vesta figures from the IAU gazetteer, NASA JPL and the Dawn team's papers (Park et al. 2025, Schenk et al. 2012, Williams et al. 2014); Ceres figures from the IAU gazetteer, NASA JPL and the Dawn team's papers (Park et al. 2019, Ruesch et al. 2016); Mimas, Enceladus and Tethys figures from the IAU gazetteer, NASA and the shape models' own records (Weirich et al. 2025, Park et al.). Each destination page names its source. Figures that could not be traced to a source were left out rather than estimated.